Photo credits

Monastery vaults, by Peggy Choucair

Monastery Cloister Corridor, of Poblet, by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro

Rievaulx Abbey, by Tilman2007

Lanercost Priory, Refectory Undercroft, by Tilman2007

Altarpiece (late 14th century), Norwich Cathedral

Rutland Psalter (c. 1260, England)

Norwich Cathedral Cloisters, by Ben Keating

1661 illustration of Copernicus’s model of the universe

Henry VIII (1539-40), painted by Hans Holbein the Younger

Rievaulx Abbey Passage, byTilman2007

Statuette of a monk (France, 15th century)

Kneeling Carthusian monk (France, 14th century)

Asnapio Archeological Park, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, Pierre Andre LeClercq

Vicars’ Close, Wells, England, by Billy Wilson

Wycliffe Bible, late 14th century, Glasgow University Library

St. Kevin’s Church, by Gerardo Villalobos

Copyright 2026 Richard Smith